UPSC Civil Services Model Paper 8

Article 21 :
Protection of Life and Personal Liberty ( Questions on similar lines were previously asked in UPSC Prelims ) Article 21 declares that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. This right is available to both citizens and non-citizens.
The Supreme Court has reaffirmed its judgement in the Menaka case
in the subsequent cases. It has declared the following rights as part of Article 21 :
Right to live with human dignity.
Right to decent environment including pollution free water and air and protection against hazardous industries.
Right to livelihood.
Right to privacy.
Right to shelter.
Right to health.
Right to free education up to 14 years of age.
Right to free legal aid.
Right against solitary confinement.
Right to speedy trial.
Right against handcuffing.
Right against inhuman treatment.
Right against delayed execution.
Right to travel abroad.
Right against bonded labour.
Right against custodial harassment.
Right to emergency medical aid.
Right to timely medical treatment in government hospital.
Right not to be driven out of a state.
Right to fair trial.
Right of prisoner to have necessities of life.
Right of women to be treated with decency and dignity.
Right against public hanging.
Right to road in hilly areas.
Right to information.
Right to reputation.
Right of appeal from a judgement of conviction
Right to family pension
Right to social and economic justice and empowerment
Right against bar fetters
Right to appropriate life insurance policy
Right to sleep
Right to freedom from noise pollution
Right to sustainable development
Right to opportunity.