UPSC Civil Services Model Paper 2

● Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and scrap.
● In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and excess carbon are removed from the raw iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, and vanadium are added to produce different grades of steel.
● Limiting dissolved gases such as nitrogen and oxygen, and entrained impurities(termed "inclusions") in the steel is also important to ensure thequality of the products cast from the liquid steel.