● Constitutional existence of several tiers of government is the first pre-requisite of a federal polity. A written constitution makes sure that the power is properly demarcated so that both Centre and State work independently. Hence, Option 2 is NOT correct . ● Under federalism, the states are not merely agents of the federal government but draw their authority from the Constitution as well . Hence, Option 4 is also NOT correct . ● The Constitution contains lists that detail the issues that each tier of government can make laws on. ● All persons in India are governed by laws and policies made by each of these levels of government. ◦ While each state in India enjoys autonomy in exercising powers on certain issues, subjects of national concern require that all of these states follow the laws/rules/directions/orders of the central government . Hence, Option 1 is NOT correct . ● This maintains unity and integrity of the administration and the nation as a whole. ● It also means that the Central and State government cooperate, and each having their power to make laws on the respective subjects in the list. Hence, Option 3 is correct .