It is the division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government. It minimizes the possibility of arbitrary excesses by the government since the sanction of all three branches is required for the making, executing, and administering of laws.
The constitutional demarcation precludes the concentration of excessive power by any branch of the Government.
In the liberal approach which is inherent in democracy, all forms of power are rooted in the will of the people. This approach enhances the rule of law as one of the basic foundations of democracy; it affirms the separation of powers as a vehicle for their restraint, and it promotes individuals’ rights and freedoms as a prerequisite for their dignity. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
Separation of powers should be secured between the legislature and executive. Judiciary should be separated from these. Any concentration or combination of these powers can be dangerous for Liberty.
The Executive should not exercise the legislative or judicial powers because this may threaten the freedom and liberty of individuals.
The Legislative should never exercise the executive or judicial powers as this may lead to arbitrariness and hence, end the liberty.