UPSC Civil Services 2020 Prelims General Studies Paper I

Explanation

Parivrajaka - A wandering mendicant, vagrant, recluse, an ascetic (of the fourth religious order) who has renounced the world. Hence Statement 1 is correct.

Shramana - Sramana was an ancient Indian religious movement with origins in the Vedic religion. Sramanas (Shramanas) were those who practiced an ascetic, or strict and self-denying, lifestyle in pursuit of spiritual liberation. They are commonly known as monks. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.

Upasaka -Upāsaka (masculine) or Upāsikā (feminine) are from the Sanskrit and Pāli words for "attendant". This is the title of followers of Buddhism (or, historically, of Gautama Buddha) who are not monks, nuns, or novice monastics in a Buddhist order, and who undertake certain vows. Hence Statement 2 is correct.