I. Kali age reflects the presence of deep social crisis characterised by varnasankara, i.e., intermixture of varnas or social orders. II. The vaisyas and sudras (peasants, artisans andlabourers) either refused to perform producing functions or pay taxes or supply necessary labour for economic production resulting in weakening of Brahminical social order and social tension.
Both the statements are individually true and statements II is the correct explanation of statement I. The Kali means the neglect of rituals, and the predominance and influence of heretical sects and also of foreign and non-brahmanical rulers.That is to say, in the Kali Age the Vaishyas and Sudras not only flouted the rules of marriage but also refused to abide by the injunctions of Dharmasastra. It connotes the nonperformance & influence of the functions assigned to different social strata or varnas by the Dharmashastra. It is characterised by insecurity and widespread lawlessness. It appears as a period of anarchy caused by the destruction of yogaksema (welfare). Both the statements are individually true and statements IIis the correct explanation of statement I. The Kali means theneglect of rituals, and the predominance and influence of heretical sects and also of foreign and non-brahmanical rulers.That isto say, in the Kali Age the Vaishyas and Sudras not only flouted therules of marriage but also refused to abide by the injunctions ofDharmasastra. It connotes the nonperformance & influence of thefunctions assigned to different social strata or varnas by the Dharmashastra. It is characterised by insecurity and widespreadlawlessness. It appears as a period of anarchy caused by thedestruction of yogaksema (welfare).