Solution:
Ibid, a Latin term which means, ‘in the same place’, is used in place of an end note or footnote citation or reference from a source that was cited in the preceding endnote or footnote.
Example: 1. Max Weber, Economy and Society, Pg 201
2. Ibid.
This means that both notes refer to page 201 of Max Weber’s Economy and Society.
et al., derived from the Latin phrase et alia, means ‘and others’. It is mainly used for in-text citations of research papers having multiple authors.
Example:
Rasmussen, Hopkins, & Fitzpatrick, (2004).
The second time Rasmussen, Hopkins, and Fitzpatrick (2004) is used, the source is cited like this: Rasmussen et al. (2004)
Op. Cit., an abbreviation of the Latin phrase opere citato, meaning "in the work cited." It is used in an endnote or footnote to refer to a previously cited work, standing in for repetition of the full title of the work.
Example:
1. Y. Anzai and H. A. Simon. The theory of learning by doing. Psychological Review, 86, 124-180, 1979, p. 126
2. J. R. Anderson. Cognitive psychology and its implications, 2nd edn, Freeman, New York, 1985, p. 234
3. Anzai and Simon, op. cit., p. 157
4. Anderson, op. cit., p. 36
loc.cit., an abbreviation for the Latin Loco citato, means 'in the place cited'. It's use is similar to that of ibid., but it refers to the same place (like the same page or paragraph) in the same work just citied.
Example:
1. R. Millan, "Art of Latin grammar" (Academic, New York, 1997), p. 23.
2. Loc. cit.
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