Given reaction is Sabatier-Senderens reaction.
CH2=CH2+H2‌ It is the process of nickel-based hydrogenation which involves converting the unsaturated hydrocarbons into the saturated hydrocarbons by passing through the vapour of organic molecules and hydrogen over hot raney Ni solid particles.
CnH2n+H2CnH2n+2+‌ Heat ‌ In this reaction, raney
Ni is used as a catalyst which is finely grained solid particles of nickel extracted from Ni-Al alloy. The surface area of nickel increases when it is used as a finely grained particle. Because the surface area is large for
Ni, the catalytic activity increases. Further, the rate of Sabatier-Senderens reaction increases with increasing surface area of raney
Ni.
(a) Wurtz reaction Whereas, two alkyl halides are reacted with sodium metal in dry ether solution to form a higher alkane in wurtz reaction.
2R−X+2Na⟶R−R+2Na+X2. (b) Kolbe's reaction When phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium phenoxide is produced.
(d) Dow's reaction The Dow process involves the reaction of chlorine with sodium hydroxide to produce
HOCl and sodium chloride.
Cl2+NaOH⟶NaCl+HOCl