Concept: ● Whole circle bearing: ◎ In this system, the bearing of the line is measured from the north in a clockwise direction. ● Reduced bearing or Quadrantal bearing: ◎ Reduced bearing is measured either from the north end or the south end as the case may be i.e. whichever is nearer to the line. the reduced bearing of a line can vary from 0◦ to 90◦. Calculation: Reduced bearing ( θ ) = 180◦ - 122°30' = 57°30' so, reduced bearing = S57°30'E