SSC JE Civil Engineering 23-Sep-2019 Shift 2 Solved Paper

The design loads are obtained by multiplying characteristic loads and the appropriate partial safety factors. The design load ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{d}}$ is given by
${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{d}}=\mathit{F}.{\mathit{r}}_{\mathrm{f}}$
where f = characteristic load
${\mathit{r}}_{\mathrm{f}}$ = partial safety factors appropriate to the nature of loading and limit state being considered.
Design loads are used for calculating design bending moment, shear force and thrust etc.