SSC JE Civil Engineering 23-Mar-2021 Shift 1 Paper

Concept:
A thin pressure vessel having closed ends and contains fluid under a gauge pressure ‘p’. Then the walls of the cylinder will have longitudinal stress as well as circumferential stress.
Circumferential or hoop stress: ${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{h}}=\frac{\mathrm{pd}}{2\mathrm{t}}$
Longitudinal or axial stress: ${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{L}}=\frac{\mathrm{pd}}{4\mathrm{t}}$
where ‘d’ is the internal diameter and ‘t’ is the wall thickness of the cylinder.