SAT Mathematics Practice Test 6

Since Gear A has 20 teeth and Gear B has 60 teeth, the gear ratio for Gears A and B is $20:60$.Thus the ratio of the number of revolutions per minute (rpm) for the two gears is $60:20$, or $3:1$. That is, when Gear A turns at 3 rpm, Gear B turns at 1 rpm. Similarly,since Gear B has 60 teeth and Gear C has 10 teeth, the gear ratio for Gears B and C is 60:10, and the ratio of the rpms for the two gears is $10:60$. That is, when Gear B turns at $1$ rpm, Gear C turns at 6 rpm. Therefore, if Gear A turns at 100 rpm, then Gear B turns at $\frac{100}{3}$ rpm,and Gear C turns at $\frac{100}{36}=200$ rpm
Alternate approach: Gear A and Gear C can be considered as directly connected since their “contact” speeds are the same. Gear A has twice as many teeth as Gear C, and since the ratios of the number of teeth are equal to the reverse of the ratios of rotation speeds, in rpm, Gear C would be rotated at a rate that is twice the rate of Gear A. Therefore, Gear C will be rotated at a rate of 200 rpm since Gear A is rotated at 100 rpm.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from using the gear ratio instead of the ratio of the rpm when calculating the rotational speed of Gear C. Choice B is incorrect and may result from comparing the rpm of the gears using addition instead of multiplication. Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of multiplying the 100 rpm for Gear A by the number of teeth in Gear C.