Superconductors are the substances which have zero resistance at a very low temperature. so electricity flows through them rapidly.
eg- Mercury below 4.2 K, Lead below 7.25 K acts like as superconductors. (K= kelvin)
Notes:
Current flows in the opposite direction in which direction free electrons of a substance flow. This phenomenon is known as the current electricity.
A substance can be divided into the four types based on their conductivity of the electricity or you can say based on their free electron number present on their surface:
Insulator: The substances that not allow the current to flow through them. They don't have any free electrons.
eg- Cotton, Wood, Glass etc.
Conductors: The substances that allow the current to flow through them are known as conductors. They have a large number of free electrons.
eg- Copper, Silver, Iron, Aluminium etc.
Superconductors: This substance has zero resistance at a very low temperature. so electricity flows through them rapidly.
​eg- Mercury below 4.2 K, Lead below 7.25 K are act like as superconductors. (K= kelvin)
Semiconductors: Some substances that have electrical resistivity between those of conductors and insulators.