Class 12 NEET Biology Evolution Questions Part 2

Option A : Homo erectus - Homo erectus was an early human species that existed around 1.9 million to 110,000 years ago. They were the first of the hominins to leave Africa and spread across parts of Europe and Asia. They had a larger brain size compared to earlier human ancestors (with an average capacity of about 900 - 1100 cc), used more complex tools, and were likely able to control fire.
Option B : Neanderthal man - Neanderthals are an extinct species of hominids that lived between about 400,000 and 40,000 years ago in Europe and southwestern to central Asia. They had a brain capacity equal to or slightly larger than that of modern humans, with an average of about 1200 - 1750 cc. They made and used a diverse set of sophisticated tools, controlled fire, lived in shelters, made and wore clothing, were skilled hunters of large animals and also ate plant foods, and occasionally made symbolic or ornamental objects. There is evidence that Neanderthals deliberately buried their dead and occasionally even marked their graves with offerings.
Option C : Homo habilis - Homo habilis is an early human species that lived between approximately 2.1 and 1.5 million years ago. It is considered one of the earliest members of the Homo genus and had a larger brain than earlier hominins, averaging around 650 - 800 cc. They also manufactured primitive tools, giving them their name 'handy man'.
Option D : Australopithecus - Australopithecus is a genus of hominins that lived between about 4 and 2 million years ago. They had a smaller brain size (average around 400 - 500 cc) and were more similar to apes in terms of their physical characteristics. Some species of Australopithecus are considered direct ancestors of the Homo genus. Fossil evidence suggests they walked upright, but it's unclear how much they used tools.