(d) : Hotspots are areas with high density of biodiversity or mega diversity which are also the most threatened ones. Ecologically hotspots are determined by four factors - number of species/ species diversity, degree of endemism, degree of threat to habitat due to its degradation and fragmentation, and degree of exploitation. India has three hotspots : Indo-Burma, Himalayas and Western Ghats - Sri Lanka. India is even otherwise a country of mega diversity with 2.4% of land area and having 8.1% of global diversity. Major centres of biodiversity are Agasthyamalai hills, Silent valley and Amambalam reserve. There is high degree of endemism as well as richness of species of flowering plants, amphibians, reptiles, some mammals and butterflies.