The 74th Constitutional amendment act 1992 deals with the provisions related to the Municipalities.
Part IXA (Schedule 12) of the Constitution of India deals with the Municipalities.
The governance of urban areas by the people through the representatives elected by them signifies the term "Urban Local Government" in India.
The jurisdiction of the Urban Local Government is limited to specific Urban areas demarcated for this purpose by the State Government.
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 Constitutionalized the system of Urban Local Government.
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 contains 18 subjects. It gives Municipalities Constitutional status and brings them under Judicial review.
There are eight types of Urban Local Bodies in India:
Special Purpose agency
Township
Municipality
Notified area committee
Municipal Corporation
Town area committee
Cantonment Board
73rd Constitutional Amendment:-
Panchayati Raj system is the system that ensures the participation of individuals at the grass-root level.
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 is related to the Panchayati Raj system.
Rajasthan is the first state to implement the Panchayati Raj system on 2nd October 1959 in its Nagaur district.
The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommended 3- tier structure consisting of
Zilla Parishad at the District Level
Panchayat Samiti at the Block Level
Gram Panchayat at the Village Level
Ashok Mehta Committee appointed in December 1977 by Janata Party Government in 1978 submitted its report stating replacement of 3-tier system by a 2-tier system consisting of Mandal Panchayats at the base and Zila Parishad at the top.
The chairman of the Gram Panchayat at the village level is called Pradhan. He is directly elected by the Gram Sabha.
The chairman of the Panchayat Samiti is called Block Pramukh. He is indirectly elected.
The election at the Panchayat Raj level is done by the State Election Commission.
Part IX (Schedule 11) of the Constitution of India deals with the Panchayati Raj system.