Suppose DNA samples collected for DNA fingerprinting analysis are less than the required quantity. Which of the following techniques is helpful to make the samples sufficient for above analysis?
The process of creating copies of DNA is called DNA amplification. The polymerase chain reaction is a technique used for DNA amplification. Here, the double-stranded DNA molecules are subjected to high heat for denaturation. The denaturation causes the two strands of DNA to separate from each other. An enzyme called DNA polymerase synthesises complementary DNA on the separated stand leading to the formation of two doublestranded DNA fragments. This cycle is continued until a sufficient number of DNA copies have been created. Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate the DNA fragments based on their size or length. DNA probes are short complementary nucleotide sequences which are used to detect the presence of complementary DNA molecules. The probe molecules and complementary molecules undergo base pairing. Usually, the probe molecules are labelled with fluorescent or radioactive molecules to detect successful pairing. Chromatography is a technique used to separate different components from a mixture. This technique is used in analysis, isolation and purification of components. The separation in chromatography can be based on charge, size, pH , affinity, etc.