(3) Jharkhand (lit. "Bushland") is a state in eastern India carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November The state shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Odisha to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of mi). It is the 28 th state of India. The Jharkhandi identity and the demand for autonomy was not premised solely on the uniqueness of its tribal cultural heritage but was essentially a fallout of the failure of development policy to intervene in socioeconomic conditions of the adivasis and non-adivasis in the region.