Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles Part 3

−OCH3,NHCOCH3 and - OH are activating groups because the atom directly bonded to benzene ring activates the ring by + R effect using its lone pair of electrons. Activating groups are ortho- and para directing groups.
- CN and −SO3H are deactivating groups because the atom directly bonded to benzene is bonded to more electronegative atom through multiple bonds and they are meta directing groups due to −R effect. Halides are deactivating groups due to -1 effect.
Correct statements are (A), (C) and (D) only.