(4) Data is organized in a data storage hierarchy of increasingly complex levels: bits, bytes, fields, records, files, and databases. Data are logically organized into : Bits (characters) : a bit is the smallest unit of data representation (0 or 1); Byte : a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of 8 bits; Field : a field consists of ac grouping of characters; Record : record consists of fields, with each field describing an attribute of the entity; File : a group of related records; Database : an integrated collection of logically related records or files