GATE Electronics and Communications (EC) 2017 Shift 2 Solved Paper

In the voltage reference circuit shown in the figure, the op-amp is ideal and the transistors Q₁, Q₂ … Q₃₂ are identical in all respects and have infinitely large values of common-emitter current gain (β). The collector current (I_c) of the transistors is related to their base-emitter voltage (V_BE) by the relation I_C = I_S exp (V_BE/V_T), where I_S is the saturation current. Assume that the voltage V_p shown in the figure is 0.7 V and the thermal voltage V_T = 26 mV.

The output voltage V_out (in volts) is _________