GATE Computer Science (CS) 2017 Shift 1 Solved Paper

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Question : 25 of 65
 
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A sender S sends a message m to receiver R, which is digitally signed by S with its private key. In this scenario. One or more of the following security violations can take place.
1) S can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message.
2) A third-party attacker can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message. 
3) R can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message.
Which of the following are possible security violations?
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