GATE Civil Engineering (CE) 2022 Shift 2 Solved Paper

A 100 mg of HNO₃ (strong acid) is added to water, bringing the final volume to 1.0 liter. Consider the atomic weights of H, N, and O, as 1 g/mol, 14 g/mol, and 16 g/mol, respectively. The final pH of this water is (Ignore the dissociation of water.)