Aurobindo Ghosh was born on August in Calcutta to a Bengali Kayastha family. He went on to complete his education at King's College in England. His political endeavour in India began in the 1890 s when he rebuked the Congress for taking a moderate stance. His ideology evolved during the Swadeshi movement of the early 1900 s when he urged people to follow the path of passive resistance. For him the struggle to free the motherland was above all. In the doctrine of passive resistance, he wrote that "no political object of worship except the divinity in our Motherland, no present object of political endeavour except liberty, and no method of action as politically good or evil except as it truly helps or hinders our progress towards national emancipation.